<p>The Cretaceous period was such a good time for <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/tag/evolution/" title="">evolution</a> that researchers talk about the "Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution," when as an explosion of new plant and animal species appeared. But researchers say that a detailed analysis of dinosaur <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/tag/biodiversity/" title="">diversity</a> during this period debunks the prevailing theory that <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/tag/dinosaurs/" title="">dinosaurs</a> took part in this evolutionary spree; instead, their rapid evolution had taken place millions of years before. </p><div class="vert-display-toggle collapsible relative flex flex-col items-center "><div class="vert-unit mt-4 mb-3 top-20"><div ad-type="mobile-desktop" class="ad-wrapper vert min-h-boombox flex items-start justify-center" data-ad-mapping="inline" data-ad-slot="Discover/inline-ad" id="div-inline-ad-0"></div></div><span aria-label="Advertisement" class="text-ad mt-1 text-[11px] uppercase">Advertisement</span></div><p>The Cretaceous period, which lasted from 145 million years ago to 65 million years ago... saw the diversification of pollinating insects such as bees, butterflies, and moths. New forms of lizards, crocodiles, and snakes appeared, as did many of the ancestors of modern groups of birds and mammals. The Cretaceous also saw the explosion of angiosperms, or flowering plants [<a href="http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/723/1" title=""><em>ScienceNOW Daily News</em></a>].</p><p> Some researchers have previously suggested that the wide availability of those flowering plants sparked an evolutionary surge in dinosaurs who fed on the plants, and others who fed on the plant-eaters. In the study, which was published in the journal <a href="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/7k63203q852h4006/" title=""><em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B</em></a> [subscription required], the British research team </p><div data-embedid="dcfb67aa-fdf4-4a19-b4c7-75c497a8de9c" id="insticator-embed-temp"></div><p>studied all of the existing dinosaur taxonomic literature to produce a 'supertree' of dinosaur species [<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14392-dinosaur-evolutionary-tree-unveiled.html" title=""><em>New Scientist</em></a>].</p><p> By examining the connections between 440 species of dinosaurs, researchers determined that the </p><p>big evolutionary splurge for dinosaurs occurred in the Late Triassic, some 225 million to 200 million years ago. This was about 15-40 million years after dinosaurs first emerged. A second, but smaller, diversification occurred in the Mid Jurassic, some 170 to 160 million years ago [<a href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gXtHqTKzLxbwtDi6VmcIEg5r7yBQ" title="">AFP</a>]. </p><p> That means that all the main lineages of dinosaurs were established well before the flowers started to bloom on the Cretaceous plains. Researchers say that earlier estimates of rapid dino diversification during the Cretaceous period may have been confounded by the higher number of dinosaur <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/tag/fossils/" title="">fossils</a> available from that time, leading to "sample bias." </p><p><em>Image: flickr/</em><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/laszlo-photo/155507432/" title="">laslzo-photo</a></p>

dinosaurs-running.jpg

Explore Cretaceous period evolution, challenging notions of dinosaur growth and uncovering pre-Cretaceous diversification insights.

Planet Earth

Evolutionary Boom in the Cretaceous Period Left out the Dinosaurs

Article

News

Eliza Strickland

Science

The Cretaceous period was such a good time for evolution that researchers talk about the "Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution," when as an explosion of new plant and animal species appeared. But researchers say that a detailed analysis of dinosaur diversity during this period debunks the prevailing theory that dinosaurs took part in this evolutionary spree; instead, their rapid evolution had taken place millions of years before. The Cretaceous period, which lasted from 145 million years ago to 65 million years ago... saw the diversification of pollinating insects such as bees, butterflies, and moths. New forms of lizards, crocodiles, and snakes appeared, as did many of the ancestors of modern groups of birds and mammals. The Cretaceous also saw the explosion of angiosperms, or flowering plants [ScienceNOW Daily News]. Some researchers have previously suggested that the wide availability of those flowering plants sparked an evolutionary surge in dinosaurs who fed on the plants, and others who fed on the plant-eaters. In the study, which was published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B [subscription required], the British research team studied all of the existing dinosaur taxonomic literature to produce a 'supertree' of dinosaur species [New Scientist]. By examining the connections between 440 species of dinosaurs, researchers determined that the big evolutionary splurge for dinosaurs occurred in the Late Triassic, some 225 million to 200 million years ago. This was about 15-40 million years after dinosaurs first emerged. A second, but smaller, diversification occurred in the Mid Jurassic, some 170 to 160 million years ago [AFP]. That means that all the main lineages of dinosaurs were established well before the flowers started to bloom on the Cretaceous plains. Researchers say that earlier estimates of rapid dino diversification during the Cretaceous period may have been confounded by the higher number of dinosaur fossils available from that time, leading to "sample bias." Image: flickr/laslzo-photo

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